GLOBAL DISCUSSION TOPIC ON: GLOBAL GREEN ECONOMIIE VS GLOBAL ENERGY SHORTAGE

on

 

PROF. SOSPETER MUHONGO
 

Some observations:


*In March 2022, EU imported a total of 7.1 million tonnes of thermal coal to be used for power and heat generation, a 40.5% increase year-on-year and the highest level since March 2019.


*In June 2022, India imported 19.22 million tons of coal


*Afghanistan has increased the price of coal from US$ 90 to 200 per ton.


*UNFCCC/IPCC/UNESCO on climate change - the world has to remain within 1.5°C climate target (pre-industrial levels) in order to achieve a climate neutral world by 2050 - stopping global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions.


HOW MUCH COAL IS AVAILABLE IN THE WORLD?

 

The estimated total world proved recoverable reserves of coal is approximately 1.16 trillion short tons, as of 31 December 2020


5 countries account for about 75% of the world's proved coal reserves. These are:


(1) USA: 

*250.2 billion tons

*24% of the world's proved coal reserves

*has proven reserves equivalent to 347.7 times its annual consumption - it has about 348 years of coal left for consumption (at current level of consumption)


(2) RUSSIA:

*176,771 million tons 

*16% of the world's total coal reserves  

*has proven reserves equivalent to 767.3 times its annual consumption.


(3) AUSTRALIA:

*14% of the world's coal reserves


(4) CHINA

13.1% of the world's coal reserves


(5) INDIA

9.5% of the world's coal reserves


(6) Germany (3.5%)

(7) Ukraine (3.3%)

(8) South Africa (3.1%)

(9) Poland (2.5%)

(10) Kazakhstan (2.5%)


How much coal does Africa possess?


In 2019, estimated at approximatley 16.4 billion short tons was reported - this is a very conservative estimate because much of Africa remains poorly studied and explored! 


Will Africa hesitate to utilize her coal for power generation?


The TOP 5 carbon-dioxide emitting countries in the world (in million tons, 2020) 


(1) China: 11,680.42

(2) USA: 4,535.30

(3) India: 2,411.73

(4) Russia: 1,674.23

(5) Japan: 1,061.77


*Global estimates on greenhouse gas emmissions show that Africa contribute the least of any continent to global warming. 


*Estimates for this year indicate that Africa emitted approximately 452 million metric tons of carbon dioxide, a total for the 54 countries!


Africa ought to have an unequivocal estimate on her recoverable coal reserves. 


Thus, Africa's geologists have to undertake detailed studies on fist coal age formations (i.e. Carboniferous Period, coal-bearing strata, about 359 - 299 million years ago) in their respective countries.


Today, estimates indicate that Africa's ELECTRICITY demand is  approximately 700 terawatt-hours (700 TWh). 


How about the enormous coal deposits of Africa?


Contribution by:

Sospeter Muhongo


*Honorary Fellow of the Geological Society of London

 (est.1807)


*Honorary Fellow of the Geological Society of America (est.1888)


*Honorary Reserach Fellow of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (est. 1956)


*Former Vice President of the Commission of the Geological Map of the World (CGMW)


Date:

Saturday, 23.7.2022

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